求~! 关于 Chinese Business 的文章大概言讲5分钟的文章就可以了.

求~! 关于 Chinese Business 的文章大概言讲5分钟的文章就可以了.
求~! 关于 Chinese Business 的文章
大概言讲5分钟的文章就可以了.

求~! 关于 Chinese Business 的文章大概言讲5分钟的文章就可以了.
China is the world’s most populated country which has the world’s largest emerging market and fastest growing economy in recent years,accession to the World Trade Organization helps strengthen its ability to maintain strong growth rates.Assuming the continuation of current trends,China is widely expected to be the world’s largest economy by 2050,which means there is a huge international market to be invested and developed.
China’s economic and trade growth has become a very important issue in the world trading system.Over the last twenty years,the Chinese trading system has changed dramatically and China's trade has expanded enormously.Measured on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis,China in 2003 stood as the second-largest economy in the world after the US,although in per capita terms the country is still poor.At present,over 220 countries and regions are making trade contacts with China,the statistics at the end of 2003 showed that the total value of China imports and exports attained 850.99 billion US dollars,increasing by 230 billion US dollars over last year (The world factbook).
China’s ascension into the WTO has and theoretically will result in a more efficient economy and an increased rate of economic growth.These effects follow from the required restructuring of China’s economy from a more or less planned closed economy to a more or less free-market open economy (Coldwell,2004,p.363).In many respects,WTO membership is China's best option for sustaining its economic growth and reform.Reforms are expected to act as a catalyst for the domestic economy,as well as encourage foreign direct investment.China’s prospective entry into the World Trade Organization has substantially raised the stakes on the success of the reform process.The economic returns from substantial and comprehensive progress on reforms over the next several years should be reinforced by the opportunities afforded by WTO entry (Charles,2000,p.8).
China has long maintained a fixed exchange rate between the Yuan and the dollar,providing an indirect subsidy to help maintain its high-growth economy.And China withstands the Asian financial crisis of 1998.Recognizing that the old financial system has helped generate locally-initiated monetary expansion,the Chinese authority has laid out comprehensive plans to further restructure the state banking system.

Since Chinese accession to the WTO, its winning the Olympic bids for 2008 and World Expo 2010, more and more companies, both local and foreign are itching their way into Chinese bigger market space. E...

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Since Chinese accession to the WTO, its winning the Olympic bids for 2008 and World Expo 2010, more and more companies, both local and foreign are itching their way into Chinese bigger market space. Either they are looking for foreign business partners to expand their business operation in the Mainland, or they are foreign companies wanting to enter the Chinese market. This site is intended for such purpose. We welcome local and foreign companies to advertise in our website. This includes looking for business/ joint venture partners wishing to expand operation in China, Invitation to Bids, seeking for co-developers, funds, or any form of investment, etc.

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As expounded in the survey among US enterprises in China released on September 16, China made progress in observing its commitments to the World Trade Organization (WTO) from mid-2003 to July 2004. Th...

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As expounded in the survey among US enterprises in China released on September 16, China made progress in observing its commitments to the World Trade Organization (WTO) from mid-2003 to July 2004. The survey says, a series of regulations concerning trade rights, insurance, auto financing and agriculture have been enacted and the legislator also asked for the opinions of US enterprises beforehand, all these are what the American Chamber of Commerce hopes China to keep on.
The survey was jointly conducted by AmCham-China and AmCham-Shanghai. According to Jim Grandoville, chairperson of AmCham-China, 238 member companies of AmCham-China answered the questionnaire seriously. Optimistic about the benefits China's entry of WTO brought along, twice as many as those in 2003 plan to expand their companies in China. 61 percent of the surveyed say that China is praiseworthy in its compliance with its WTO commitments and they have noticed that related commitments have been in place in time. Two thirds of the enterprises are confident in a "soft landing" by China's central government, despite the fact of an overheated economy.
A sharp criticism is seen in the survey on the Visa policy of the United States, which incurs an annual several-billion loss on US companies. It also calls for the US government to better balance commercial development and the needs of security, to enlarge personnel and funding for non-immigrant Visa departments under the US Embassy to China. Meanwhile, the US government is requested to seek sustained enhancement of working efficiency, improve the standards of security evaluation and increase the transparency of Visa approval.
The survey also points out that with a business environment greatly improved, China still has a long way to go in terms of intellectual property rights. AmCham-China welcomes the measures for protecting intellectual property rights mentioned by Chinese Vice Prime Minister Wu Yi earlier this month. Sources say in the upcoming weeks the survey will be delivered to related officials of China and the United States through direct meeting between concerned governmental arms of both countries.
By People's Daily Online

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In preparing for a business trip to China, most Westerners like to arm themselves with a handy, one-page list of etiquette how-tos. "Carry a boatload of business cards," tipsters say. "Bring your own ...

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In preparing for a business trip to China, most Westerners like to arm themselves with a handy, one-page list of etiquette how-tos. "Carry a boatload of business cards," tipsters say. "Bring your own interpreter." "Speak in short sentences." "Wear a conservative suit." Such advice can help get you in the door and even through the first series of business transactions. But it won't sustain the kind of prolonged, year-in, year-out associations that Chinese and Western businesses can now achieve.
Indeed, our work with dozens of companies and thousands of American and Chinese executives over the past twenty years has demonstrated to us that a superficial obedience to the rules of etiquette gets you only so far. In fact, we have witnessed breakdowns between American and Chinese businesspeople time and time again. The root cause: a failure on the American side to understand the much broader context of Chinese culture and values, a problem that too often leaves Western negotiators both flummoxed and flailing.
The challenge of mutual understanding is great; American and Chinese approaches often appear incompatible. All too often, Americans see Chinese negotiators as inefficient, indirect, and even dishonest, while the Chinese see American negotiators as aggressive, impersonal, and excitable. Such differences have deep cultural origins. Yet those who know how to navigate these differences can develop thriving, mutually profitable, and satisfying business relationships.
The roots of Chinese culture
Four thick threads of culture have bound the Chinese people together for some 5,000 years, and these show through in Chinese business negotiations.
The first thread is agrarianism. In contrast to the U.S. population, which is mostly urban, two-thirds of the Chinese people still live in rural areas, laboring primarily in rice or wheat cultivation. Traditional Chinese agriculture is peasant farming. It is communal, not individualistic; survival depends on group cooperation and harmony. Loyalty and obedience to familial hierarchy binds laboring groups together. Many of China's city dwellers were born and raised in the country and have retained their agrarian values. Just as the most urbane Americans are influenced by the country's cowboy roots—"shoot first and ask questions later," "lay your cards on the table," and so on—the most modern Chinese are affected by millennia of living close to the soil.
We have witnessed breakdowns between American and Chinese businesspeople time and time again.
Before the 1980s, agrarian values trumped business values. When during the Cultural Revolution Mao Tse-tung sent bureaucrats and students to be "reeducated" by the peasantry, he was reflecting the deep-seated belief in the virtues of rural life. Indeed, Chinese philosopher Fung Yu-lan explains in his works that Chinese sages historically distinguished between the "root" (agriculture) and the "branch" (commerce). Social and economic theories and policies tended to favor the root and slight the branch. People who dealt with the branch—merchants—were therefore looked down upon.
The second thread is morality. The writings of Confucius served as the foundation of Chinese education for some 2,000 years. During those two millennia, knowledge of Confucian texts was the primary requisite for appointment to government offices. Confucius maintained that a society organized under a benevolent moral code would be prosperous and politically stable and therefore safe from attack. He also taught reverence for scholarship and kinship. Confucius defined five cardinal relationships: between ruler and ruled, husband and wife, parents and children, older and younger brothers, and friend and friend. Except for the last, all the relationships were strictly hierarchical. The ruled—wives, children, and younger brothers—were counseled to trade obedience and loyalty for the benevolence of their rulers—husbands, parents, and older brothers. Rigorous adherence to these hierarchical relationships yielded social harmony, the antidote for the violence and civil war of Confucius's time.
For a taste of the importance of hierarchy in Chinese society, consider what happened to Cheng Han-cheng and his wife. According to Chinese scholar Dau-lin Hsu, in 1865 Cheng's wife had the insolence to beat her mother-in-law. This was regarded as such a heinous crime that, among other punishments, Cheng and his wife were both skinned alive, their flesh displayed at the gates of various cities, and their bones burned to ashes. Neighbors and extended family members were also punished. This is, of course, an extreme example—but the story is oft told, even in today's China. And it underscores why it is so easy for casual Westerners to slight their authority-revering Chinese counterparts.
Roughly contemporary with Confucius was Lao Tsu, the inspiration for Taoism, whose fundamental notions involve the relationship of yin (the feminine, dark, and passive force) to yang (the masculine, light, and active force). The two forces oppose and complement one another simultaneously. They cannot be separated but must be considered as a whole. The implications of the collision and collusion of yin and yang are pervasive, affecting every aspect of life from traditional medicine to economic cycles. According to Lao Tsu, the key to life was to find the Tao—"the way" between the two forces, the middle ground, a compromise. Both Lao Tsu and Confucius were less concerned about finding the truth and more concerned about finding the way.
These moral values express themselves in the Chinese negotiating style. Chinese negotiators are more concerned with the means than the end, with the process more than the goal. The best compromises are derived only through the ritual back-and-forth of haggling. This process cannot be cut short. And a compromise allows the two sides to hold equally valid positions. While Americans tend to believe that the truth, as they see it, is worth arguing over and even getting angry about, the Chinese believe that the way is hard to find and so rely on haggling to settle differences.
The third cultural thread is the Chinese pictographic language. Just as Western children learn to read Roman letters and numbers at an early age, Chinese children learn to memorize thousands of pictorial characters. Because, in Chinese, words are pictures rather than sequences of letters, Chinese thinking tends toward a more holistic processing of information. Michael Harris Bond, a psychology professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, found that Chinese children are better at seeing the big picture, while American children have an easier time focusing on the details.
The fourth thread is the Chinese people's wariness of foreigners, which has been learned the hard way—from the country's long and violent history of attacks from all points of the compass. So, too, has China fallen victim to internal squabbling, civil wars, and the ebb and flow of empires. The combination yields cynicism about the rule of law and rules in general. It can be said that the Chinese trust in only two things: their families and their bank accounts .

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